I'm intrigued by alternative interpretations of the standard roguelike formula and I'm considering bending the meaning of death in my own roguelike. But I can't think of many roguelikes that explore failure states that aren't the death of the player character.

Anyone know of any?

Edit for clarity, copied from comment: I'm imagining the failure state isn't the character's death. Instead, maybe the character runs out of a resource that isn't health, or a dependent character dies, or you control a settlement (e.g. Dwarf Fortress) so perma-failure means, e.g. every individual in the settlement dies