#The Austrian economic way of thinking

Value is subjective (personal). Individuals apply means (action) to their ends, according to ideas. From this, social phenomena (language, prices, money, order) emerge. *More info: [article](http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/AustrianSchoolofEconomics.html), [video](http://youtube.com/watch?v=uJVEyNwNPI8)*  

Feel free to discuss, criticize, and expand Austrian economic thought in method and application, as a social movement, and also the sciences and ideas that are related to it.

---

#Where can I learn more?

*Websites:*

 * [Foundation for Economic Education](http://fee.org/)
 * [Ludwig von Mises Institute](http://mises.org/)
 * [Mercatus Center](http://ppe.mercatus.org/)

*Blogs:*

* [Free Advice - Robert P. Murphy's Blog](http://consultingbyrpm.com/blog)

*Other:*

* [Peter Schiff](http://schiffgold.com/news/)
* [Praxeology, by Praxgirl](http://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEE9A33593A261433)

---

#Wiki

[AskMeAnything Archive](http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_4._ask-me-anything_archive), [Mission](http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_1._mission), [Moderation](http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_2._moderation), [No no](http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/no-no), [Subreddit Growth](http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_3._subreddit_growth), [User blogs](http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_5._user_blogs)

---

#Recommended subreddits

[Calculation Problems](/r/calculationproblems/), [Libertarian Comics](/r/libertariancomics/), [No Intellectual Property](/r/noip), [Unschool](/r/unschool)

#Related subreddits

[Anarcho Capitalism](/r/Anarcho_Capitalism), [Ask Libertarians](/r/AskLibertarians), [Endless War](/r/EndlessWar), [Liberland](/r/liberland), [Libertarian](/r/Libertarian), [Libertarian History](/r/libertarian_history), [Open Source](/r/OpenSource), [Ron Paul](/r/ronpaul), [Peter Schiff](/r/PeterSchiff), [Politics](/r/politics/)

#Other subreddits

[Economics](/r/Economics), [Science](/r/science)

#Recommended Reading

**INTRODUCTION TO AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS**

[Economics in One Lesson - Henry Hazlitt](http://www.hacer.org/pdf/Hazlitt00.pdf)

[What Has Government Done With Our Money- Murray Rothbard](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/What%20Has%20Government%20Done%20to%20Our%20Money_3.pdf)

[I, Pencil - Leonard Read](https://fee.org/media/14940/read-i-pencil.pdf)

[Handbook on Contemporary Austrian Economics - Peter Boettke](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315976283_Handbook_on_contemporary_Austrian_economics_edited_by_Peter_J_Boettke_Cheltenham_UK_Edward_Elgar_2010_174pp)

[Ten Great Economic Myths - Murray Rothbard](https://mises.org/library/ten-great-economic-myths)

**PRINCIPLES**

[Principles of Economics - Carl Menger](https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Principles%20of%20Economics_5.pdf)

[Capital and Interest - Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Capital%20and%20Interest_0.pdf)

[Human Action - Ludwig von Mises](https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Human%20Action_3.pdf)

[Man, Economy, and State w/ Power and Market - Murray Rothbard](https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Man,%20Economy,%20and%20State,%20with%20Power%20and%20Market_2.pdf)

[Individualism and Economic Order - F.A. Hayek](http://www.library.fa.ru/files/Hayek-Individualism.pdf)

[Capitalism - George Reisman](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Capitalism%20A%20Treatise%20on%20Economics_3.pdf)

[Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général (Essay on the Nature of Trade in General) - Richard Cantillon](http://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/368/368cantillonessaytable.pdf)

[Natural Value - Friedrich von Wieser](https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/wieser-natural-value)

Lectures on Political Economy - Knut Wicksell
[Volume 1](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Lectures%20on%20Political%20Economy%20-%20Volume%20I%20General%20Theory_2.pdf) and
[Volume 2](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Lectures%20on%20Political%20Economy%20-%20Volume%20II%20Money_2.pdf)

**METHODOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGY**

[Epistemological Problems of Economics - Ludwig von Mises](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/epistemological.pdf)

[The Counter-Revolution of Science - F.A. Hayek](https://archive.org/details/counterrevolutio030197mbp/page/n6)

[Economic Science and the Austrian Method - Hans Hermann Hoppe](https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Economic%20Science%20and%20the%20Austrian%20Method_3.pdf)

[An Essay on The Nature and Significance of Economic Science - Lionel Robbins](https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Essay%20on%20the%20Nature%20and%20Significance%20of%20Economic%20Science_2.pdf)

[The Economic Point of View - Israel Kirzner](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Economic%20Point%20of%20View%20An%20Essay%20in%20the%20History%20of%20Economic%20Thought_2.pdf)

[Theory and History - Ludwig von Mises](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Theory%20and%20History%20An%20Interpretation%20of%20Social%20and%20Economic%20Evolution_1.pdf)

[Praxeology and Understanding - George Selgin](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Praxeology%20and%20Understanding%20An%20Analysis%20of%20the%20Controversy%20in%20Austrian%20Economics_3.pdf)

[The Pretense of Knowledge - F.A. Hayek](https://mises.org/library/pretense-knowledge)

[Economics and Knowledge - F.A. Hayek](https://mises.org/library/economics-and-knowledge)

[Cost and Choice: An Inquiry in Economic Theory - James Buchanan](https://www.econlib.org/library/Buchanan/buchCv6.html)

[Big Players and the Economic Theory of Expectations - Roger Koppl](https://www.auburn.edu/~garriro/r29koppl.htm)

[The Empirics of Austrian Economics - Steve Horwitz](https://www.cato-unbound.org/2012/09/05/steven-horwitz/empirics-austrian-economics)

**HISTORY OF THOUGHT**

[The Making of Modern Economics - Mark Skousen](
http://staging.reduza.com.br/the_making_of_modern_economics_lives_and_ideas_great_thinkers_mark_skousen.pdf)

[Economic Thought Before Adam Smith (Volume 1) - Murray Rothbard](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Austrian%20Perspective%20on%20the%20History%20of%20Economic%20Thought_1_Economic%20Thought%20Before%20Adam%20Smith.pdf)

[Classical Economics (Volume 2) - Murray Rothbard](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Austrian%20Perspective%20on%20the%20History%20of%20Economic%20Thought_2_Classical%20Economics.pdf)

[History of Economic Analysis - Joseph Schumpeter](http://www.urbanlab.org/articles/economics/Schumpeter%201954%20-%20history%20economic%20analysis.pdf)

[A History of Economic Thought: The LSE Lectures - Lionel Robbins](https://muse.jhu.edu/book/29712)

**ECONOMIC HISTORY**

[America’s Great Depression - Murray Rothbard](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Americas%20Great%20Depression_3.pdf)

[A History of Money and Banking in the United States - Murray Rothbard](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/History%20of%20Money%20and%20Banking%20in%20the%20United%20States%20The%20Colonial%20Era%20to%20World%20War%20II_2.pdf)

[The Great Depression - Lionel Robbins](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/The%20Great%20Depression_2.pdf)

[The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Great Depression and the New Deal - Robert Murphy](https://epdf.tips/the-politically-incorrect-guide-to-the-great-depression-and-the-new-deal.html)

[Early Speculative Bubbles and Increases in the Supply of Money - Douglas E. French](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Early%20Speculative%20Bubbles%20and%20Increases%20in%20the%20Supply%20of%20Money_2.pdf)

[The Transformation of the American Economy 1865-1914 - Robert Higgs](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/The%20Transformation%20of%20the%20American%20Economy%2C%201865-1914_2.pdf)

[The Panic of 1819 - Murray Rothbard](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/The%20Panic%20of%201819%20Reactions%20and%20Policies_2.pdf)

[The Forgotten Depression - James Grant](https://mises.org/library/james-grant-explains-forgotten-depression)

**MONETARY THEORY**

[Microfoundations and Macroeconomics: An Austrian Perspective - Steve Horwitz](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.372.4679&rep=rep1&type=pdf)

[Money: Sound and Unsound - Joe Salerno](https://mises.org/sites/default/files/sound_money_salerno.pdf)

[The Theory of Money and Credit - Ludwig Von Mises](https://mises.org/sites/default/files/The%20Theory%20of%20Money%20and%20Credit_3.pdf)

[Less Than Zero - George Selgin](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Less%20than%20Zero%20The%20Case%20for%20a%20Falling%20Price%20Level%20in%20a%20Growing%20Economy_4.pdf)

[The Origins of Money - Carl Menger](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/On%20the%20Origins%20of%20Money_5.pdf)

[The Mystery of Banking - Murray Rothbard](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Mystery%20of%20Banking_2.pdf)

[Denationalisation of Money - F.A. Hayek](https://nakamotoinstitute.org/static/docs/denationalisation.pdf)

[Choice in Currency - F.A. Hayek](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Choice%20in%20Currency_5.pdf)

[The Ethics of Money Production - Jörg Guido Hülsmann](https://mises.org/sites/default/files/The%20Ethics%20of%20Money%20Production_2.pdf)

[Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar - Murray Rothbard](https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Case%20for%20a%20100%20Percent%20Gold%20Dollar_2.pdf)

<div class="md"><h1>The Austrian economic way of thinking</h1>

Value is subjective (personal). Individuals apply means (action) to their ends, according to ideas. From this, social phenomena (language, prices, money, order) emerge. More info: <a href="http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/AustrianSchoolofEconomics.html">article</a>, <a href="http://youtube.com/watch?v=uJVEyNwNPI8">video</a> 

Feel free to discuss, criticize, and expand Austrian economic thought in method and application, as a social movement, and also the sciences and ideas that are related to it.

<hr/>

<h1>Where can I learn more?</h1>

Websites:

<ul>
<li><a href="http://fee.org/">Foundation for Economic Education</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mises.org/">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a></li>
<li><a href="http://ppe.mercatus.org/">Mercatus Center</a></li>
</ul>

Blogs:

<ul>
<li><a href="http://consultingbyrpm.com/blog">Free Advice - Robert P. Murphy&#39;s Blog</a></li>
</ul>

Other:

<ul>
<li><a href="http://schiffgold.com/news/">Peter Schiff</a></li>
<li><a href="http://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEE9A33593A261433">Praxeology, by Praxgirl</a></li>
</ul>

<hr/>

<h1>Wiki</h1>

<a href="http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_4._ask-me-anything_archive">AskMeAnything Archive</a>, <a href="http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_1._mission">Mission</a>, <a href="http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_2._moderation">Moderation</a>, <a href="http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/no-no">No no</a>, <a href="http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_3._subreddit_growth">Subreddit Growth</a>, <a href="http://reddit.com/r/austrian_economics/wiki/index#wiki_5._user_blogs">User blogs</a>

<hr/>

<h1>Recommended subreddits</h1>

<a href="/r/calculationproblems/">Calculation Problems</a>, <a href="/r/libertariancomics/">Libertarian Comics</a>, <a href="/r/noip">No Intellectual Property</a>, <a href="/r/unschool">Unschool</a>

<h1>Related subreddits</h1>

<a href="/r/Anarcho_Capitalism">Anarcho Capitalism</a>, <a href="/r/AskLibertarians">Ask Libertarians</a>, <a href="/r/EndlessWar">Endless War</a>, <a href="/r/liberland">Liberland</a>, <a href="/r/Libertarian">Libertarian</a>, <a href="/r/libertarian_history">Libertarian History</a>, <a href="/r/OpenSource">Open Source</a>, <a href="/r/ronpaul">Ron Paul</a>, <a href="/r/PeterSchiff">Peter Schiff</a>, <a href="/r/politics/">Politics</a>

<h1>Other subreddits</h1>

<a href="/r/Economics">Economics</a>, <a href="/r/science">Science</a>

<h1>Recommended Reading</h1>

INTRODUCTION TO AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS

<a href="http://www.hacer.org/pdf/Hazlitt00.pdf">Economics in One Lesson - Henry Hazlitt</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/What%20Has%20Government%20Done%20to%20Our%20Money_3.pdf">What Has Government Done With Our Money- Murray Rothbard</a>

<a href="https://fee.org/media/14940/read-i-pencil.pdf">I, Pencil - Leonard Read</a>

<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315976283_Handbook_on_contemporary_Austrian_economics_edited_by_Peter_J_Boettke_Cheltenham_UK_Edward_Elgar_2010_174pp">Handbook on Contemporary Austrian Economics - Peter Boettke</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/library/ten-great-economic-myths">Ten Great Economic Myths - Murray Rothbard</a>

PRINCIPLES

<a href="https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Principles%20of%20Economics_5.pdf">Principles of Economics - Carl Menger</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Capital%20and%20Interest_0.pdf">Capital and Interest - Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Human%20Action_3.pdf">Human Action - Ludwig von Mises</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Man,%20Economy,%20and%20State,%20with%20Power%20and%20Market_2.pdf">Man, Economy, and State w/ Power and Market - Murray Rothbard</a>

<a href="http://www.library.fa.ru/files/Hayek-Individualism.pdf">Individualism and Economic Order - F.A. Hayek</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Capitalism%20A%20Treatise%20on%20Economics_3.pdf">Capitalism - George Reisman</a>

<a href="http://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/368/368cantillonessaytable.pdf">Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général (Essay on the Nature of Trade in General) - Richard Cantillon</a>

<a href="https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/wieser-natural-value">Natural Value - Friedrich von Wieser</a>

Lectures on Political Economy - Knut Wicksell
<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Lectures%20on%20Political%20Economy%20-%20Volume%20I%20General%20Theory_2.pdf">Volume 1</a> and
<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Lectures%20on%20Political%20Economy%20-%20Volume%20II%20Money_2.pdf">Volume 2</a>

METHODOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGY

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/epistemological.pdf">Epistemological Problems of Economics - Ludwig von Mises</a>

<a href="https://archive.org/details/counterrevolutio030197mbp/page/n6">The Counter-Revolution of Science - F.A. Hayek</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Economic%20Science%20and%20the%20Austrian%20Method_3.pdf">Economic Science and the Austrian Method - Hans Hermann Hoppe</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/sites/default/files/Essay%20on%20the%20Nature%20and%20Significance%20of%20Economic%20Science_2.pdf">An Essay on The Nature and Significance of Economic Science - Lionel Robbins</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Economic%20Point%20of%20View%20An%20Essay%20in%20the%20History%20of%20Economic%20Thought_2.pdf">The Economic Point of View - Israel Kirzner</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Theory%20and%20History%20An%20Interpretation%20of%20Social%20and%20Economic%20Evolution_1.pdf">Theory and History - Ludwig von Mises</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Praxeology%20and%20Understanding%20An%20Analysis%20of%20the%20Controversy%20in%20Austrian%20Economics_3.pdf">Praxeology and Understanding - George Selgin</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/library/pretense-knowledge">The Pretense of Knowledge - F.A. Hayek</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/library/economics-and-knowledge">Economics and Knowledge - F.A. Hayek</a>

<a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/Buchanan/buchCv6.html">Cost and Choice: An Inquiry in Economic Theory - James Buchanan</a>

<a href="https://www.auburn.edu/%7Egarriro/r29koppl.htm">Big Players and the Economic Theory of Expectations - Roger Koppl</a>

<a href="https://www.cato-unbound.org/2012/09/05/steven-horwitz/empirics-austrian-economics">The Empirics of Austrian Economics - Steve Horwitz</a>

HISTORY OF THOUGHT

<a href="http://staging.reduza.com.br/the_making_of_modern_economics_lives_and_ideas_great_thinkers_mark_skousen.pdf">The Making of Modern Economics - Mark Skousen</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Austrian%20Perspective%20on%20the%20History%20of%20Economic%20Thought_1_Economic%20Thought%20Before%20Adam%20Smith.pdf">Economic Thought Before Adam Smith (Volume 1) - Murray Rothbard</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Austrian%20Perspective%20on%20the%20History%20of%20Economic%20Thought_2_Classical%20Economics.pdf">Classical Economics (Volume 2) - Murray Rothbard</a>

<a href="http://www.urbanlab.org/articles/economics/Schumpeter%201954%20-%20history%20economic%20analysis.pdf">History of Economic Analysis - Joseph Schumpeter</a>

<a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/29712">A History of Economic Thought: The LSE Lectures - Lionel Robbins</a>

ECONOMIC HISTORY

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Americas%20Great%20Depression_3.pdf">America’s Great Depression - Murray Rothbard</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/History%20of%20Money%20and%20Banking%20in%20the%20United%20States%20The%20Colonial%20Era%20to%20World%20War%20II_2.pdf">A History of Money and Banking in the United States - Murray Rothbard</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/The%20Great%20Depression_2.pdf">The Great Depression - Lionel Robbins</a>

<a href="https://epdf.tips/the-politically-incorrect-guide-to-the-great-depression-and-the-new-deal.html">The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Great Depression and the New Deal - Robert Murphy</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Early%20Speculative%20Bubbles%20and%20Increases%20in%20the%20Supply%20of%20Money_2.pdf">Early Speculative Bubbles and Increases in the Supply of Money - Douglas E. French</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/The%20Transformation%20of%20the%20American%20Economy%2C%201865-1914_2.pdf">The Transformation of the American Economy 1865-1914 - Robert Higgs</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/The%20Panic%20of%201819%20Reactions%20and%20Policies_2.pdf">The Panic of 1819 - Murray Rothbard</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/library/james-grant-explains-forgotten-depression">The Forgotten Depression - James Grant</a>

MONETARY THEORY

<a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.372.4679&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf">Microfoundations and Macroeconomics: An Austrian Perspective - Steve Horwitz</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/sites/default/files/sound_money_salerno.pdf">Money: Sound and Unsound - Joe Salerno</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/sites/default/files/The%20Theory%20of%20Money%20and%20Credit_3.pdf">The Theory of Money and Credit - Ludwig Von Mises</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Less%20than%20Zero%20The%20Case%20for%20a%20Falling%20Price%20Level%20in%20a%20Growing%20Economy_4.pdf">Less Than Zero - George Selgin</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/On%20the%20Origins%20of%20Money_5.pdf">The Origins of Money - Carl Menger</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Mystery%20of%20Banking_2.pdf">The Mystery of Banking - Murray Rothbard</a>

<a href="https://nakamotoinstitute.org/static/docs/denationalisation.pdf">Denationalisation of Money - F.A. Hayek</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Choice%20in%20Currency_5.pdf">Choice in Currency - F.A. Hayek</a>

<a href="https://mises.org/sites/default/files/The%20Ethics%20of%20Money%20Production_2.pdf">The Ethics of Money Production - Jörg Guido Hülsmann</a>

<a href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Case%20for%20a%20100%20Percent%20Gold%20Dollar_2.pdf">Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar - Murray Rothbard</a>
</div>

Politicians defraud the people with central banks