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Disorder. Brain disease would be like literal infection of the brain my guy. Like prions disease.
I think disease and disorder seem to be pretty synonymous. I am seeing different stuff online.
This is the closest source I could find that offered a definition of the distinction.
• “Disease denotes a condition characterized by functional impairment, structural change, and the presence of specific signs and symptoms. “
• “Disorder, in contrast, denotes a condition characterized by functional impairment without structural change and, while certain disorders or categories of disorders might be accompanied by specific signs and symptoms”
https://amastyleinsider.com/2011/11/21/condition-disease-disorder/
So I think you are ultimately right, because ADHD and many mental illnesses don’t imply a structural change to the brain. But even something non infectious like Alzheimer’s could be considered a disease.
It’s a neurological disorder or a disability if you will, not disease or mental illness. While there may not be structural change there is structural differences.
Aren’t all disorders and diseases illnesses? That seems like a whole another can of worms. I can’t find a clear answer or definition online.
This was the closest I could see to a definitive answer “Mental Illness...refers collectively to all diagnosable mental disorders — health conditions”